744 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
744 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
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# Preparation
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- [ ] Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqcY0GlETPk&ab_channel=ProgrammingwithMosh
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# CORS (Backend Repository)
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- [ ] open `program.cs` and add the following lines
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```c#
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builder.Services.AddCors(options =>
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{
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options.AddPolicy("Frontend", policy =>
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{
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policy.WithOrigins("http://localhost:5173")
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.AllowAnyHeader()
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.AllowAnyMethod();
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});
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});
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...
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app.UseCors("Frontend");
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```
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# **Important Note Before Starting**
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## From now on, this session will be focused on the **frontend repository**
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## If you have already created a the frontend project, with the deprecated command(create-react-app), you need to first delete all that, commit the changes, and then create the project using the next instruction
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# Branching
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- [ ] Create the develop branch
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- [ ] Create the feature/project-setup branch based on develop
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# Creating a project (using Vite)
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```
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npm create vite@latest alibabaclone-frontend --template react-ts
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```
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# React Folder Structure
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- [ ] Create the folders as shown in the picture below
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![[Pasted image 20250427154917.png]]
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- [ ] move `App.tsx` and `App.css` to 'shared/layout/'
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- [ ] adjust the dependencies in these files and `index.html`
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# Installing packages
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- [ ] run this command to install these packages: `uuid`, `react-router-dom`, and `axios`
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```bash
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npm install uuid react-router-dom axios
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```
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- [ ] run this command to install redux
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```bash
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npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux
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```
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# CSS TAILWIND
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## **Important Note About CSS**
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There are different ways to handle `CSS` styling when creating components.
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You can choose any approach you prefer:
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1. **Plain CSS**
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- Write regular `.css` files and import them into your components.
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2. **CSS Modules**
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- Create component-specific `.module.css` files to automatically scope styles.
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3. **TailwindCSS**
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- A utility-first CSS framework where you apply classes directly in your HTML/JSX.
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4. **Sass / SCSS**
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- An extension of CSS with variables, nesting, and more features. Can be used alone or with modules.
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5. **PostCSS**
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- A tool for transforming CSS with JavaScript plugins (often used behind the scenes).
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6. **Framework-Specific UI Libraries** (which come with their own styles)
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- Example: Material-UI (MUI), Ant Design, Chakra UI, etc.
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- These often include ready-made components with built-in styling.
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- [ ] install the css/component library of your choice
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### For tailwind, use the link below (skip the first step)
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Tailwind
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https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/installation/vite
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# Merge
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- [ ] Create a PR and merge the current branch with develop
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# Branching
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- [ ] Create the feature/transportation-search branch based on develop
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# Creating Models
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- [ ] Create models for the DTOs that are used to convey data between backend and frontend
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📂 Suggested Folder: shared/models/[relatedFolder]
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Create a `[dtoName].ts` in the related folder, and define the model
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## Example:
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```ts
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export interface TransportationSearchRequest{
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vehicleTypeId ?: number;
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fromCityId ?: number;
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toCityId ?: number;
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startDate ?: Date | null;
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endDate ?: Date | null;
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}
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```
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# Handling API Calls
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- [ ] Create `agent.ts` to handle API calls using axios
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📂 Suggested Folder: shared/api/
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- [ ] Adjust the `baseURL` to address your web API port
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```ts
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import axios, { AxiosResponse } from 'axios';
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import { TransportationSearchRequest } from '../models/transportation/transportationSearchRequest';
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import { TransportationSearchResult } from '../models/transportation/transportationSearchResult';
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import { City } from '../models/location/city';
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axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://localhost:[REPLACE THIS WITH YOUR BACKEND WEB API PORT]/api';
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const responseBody = <T>(response: AxiosResponse<T>) => response.data;
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const request = {
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get: <T>(url: string) => axios.get<T>(url).then(responseBody),
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post: <T>(url: string, body: {}) => axios.post<T>(url, body).then(responseBody),
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put: <T>(url: string, body: {}) => axios.put<T>(url, body).then(responseBody),
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delete: <T>(url: string) => axios.delete<T>(url).then(responseBody)
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}
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const TransportationSearch = {
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search: (data: TransportationSearchRequest) => request.post<TransportationSearchResult[]>('/transportation/search', data),
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}
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const Cities = {
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list: () => request.get<City[]>('/city'),
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}
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const agent = {
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TransportationSearch,
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Cities
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}
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export default agent;
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```
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# Creating `CityDropdown` Component
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📂 Suggested Folder: shared/api/
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- [ ] Create components for the parts of the UI you need
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```ts
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import agent from "@/shared/api/agent";
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import { City } from "@/shared/models/location/city";
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import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
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const CityDropdown = () => {
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const [cities, setCities] = useState<City[]>([]);
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const [selectedCity, setSelectedCity] = useState<number | undefined>();
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useEffect(() => {
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agent.Cities.list()
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.then(setCities)
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.catch((err) => console.error("error loading cities", err));
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}, []);
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return (
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<select
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value={selectedCity}
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onChange={(e) => setSelectedCity(Number(e.target.value))}
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>
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<option value="">Select a City</option>
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{cities.map((city) => (
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<option key={city.id} value={city.id}>
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{city.title}
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</option>
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))}
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</select>
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);
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};
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export default CityDropdown;
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```
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## **See the analysis of `CityDropdown` component code in the additional info**
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# Creating `transportationCard` Component
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```ts
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import { TransportationSearchResult } from "@/shared/models/transportation/transportationSearchResult";
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import React from "react";
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interface Props {
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transportation: TransportationSearchResult;
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}
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const TransportationCard: React.FC<Props> = ({ transportation }) => {
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return (
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<div className="flex items-center justify-between p-4 border rounded-md shadow-md mb-4">
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{/* Price and Select Button */}
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<div className="flex flex-col items-center">
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<div className="text-blue-600 font-bold text-lg">
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{transportation.price} Toman
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</div>
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<button className="bg-blue-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-md mt-2 hover:bg-blue-600">
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Select Ticket
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</button>
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</div>
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{/* Trip Info */}
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<div className="flex-1 mx-4 text-center">
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<div className="font-semibold text-gray-700">
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{transportation.companyTitle}
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</div>
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<div className="flex items-center justify-center mt-2">
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<div className="mx-2">{transportation.fromCityTitle}</div>
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<span className="text-gray-400">→</span>
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<div className="mx-2">{transportation.toCityTitle}</div>
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</div>
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<div className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">
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{new Date(transportation.startDateTime).toLocaleDateString("en", {
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hour: "2-digit",
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minute: "2-digit",
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})}
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</div>
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</div>
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{/* Company Logo or Placeholder */}
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<div className="w-12 h-12">
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<img
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src="/images/company-placeholder.png"
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alt="company"
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className="w-full h-full object-contain"
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/>
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</div>
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</div>
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);
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};
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export default TransportationCard;
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```
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# Creating `transportationSearchForm` Component
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See the code from:
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https://github.com/MehrdadShirvani/AlibabaClone-Frontend/tree/develop/alibabaclone-frontend/src/features/transportation
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# Additional Notes:
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## What is vite
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## What is CORS?
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### CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
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**What it is:** CORS is a browser security feature that blocks requests to a different domain unless explicitly allowed by the server.
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### 🔐 What is CORS **really** for?
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CORS is **not** about protecting the backend server.
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It’s about **protecting users** from **malicious websites** using their browser as a weapon.
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---
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### 🧠 Imagine this attack:
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You’re logged into your **bank** in one browser tab (`bank.com`).
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Now, you visit a shady website in another tab (`evil.com`). That site has JavaScript that tries to send this:
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```js
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fetch('https://bank.com/api/transfer?amount=5000&to=hacker', {
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credentials: 'include' // it sends your bank cookies!
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});
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```
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➡️ If the browser allowed this freely, the request would go through **using your login session**, and you’d lose money.
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---
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### 💥 Enter CORS
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So the browser says:
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> “Hold on. This JavaScript is from `evil.com`, and it’s trying to talk to `bank.com`. I won’t let that happen **unless `bank.com` says it’s okay**.”
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That’s why the **backend server** must respond with something like:
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```http
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Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://mytrusteddomain.com
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```
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Only then will the browser say, “Okay, go ahead.”
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---
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### So the purpose of CORS is:
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✅ To **restrict browsers** from sending or accepting responses from **cross-origin** sources
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❌ Not to protect the backend
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❌ Not to restrict Postman, curl, servers, or mobile apps
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---
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### 🔄 In Dev Work (like your React + API case):
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- You’re running React at `http://localhost:5173`
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- You’re running ASP.NET Core API at `https://localhost:7001`
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- The browser sees this as two **different origins** → blocks the request unless CORS is enabled on the API.
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---
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### 🧪 Why Postman works:
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- Postman isn’t a browser
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- Postman doesn’t care about same-origin policy
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- Postman just sends requests like your backend would
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---
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### ✅ Conclusion:
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- **CORS is a browser feature to protect users**
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- **It restricts frontend JavaScript from calling other domains unless explicitly allowed**
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- **You must configure your server to say “Yes, I allow your frontend to talk to me”**
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## Feature-based Folder Structure
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## Explanation of the `agent.ts`
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## React.FC
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### In your code:
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```tsx
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const TransportationCard: React.FC<Props> = ({ transportation }) => { ... }
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```
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You're using `React.FC<Props>`.
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✅ `FC` stands for **Function Component**.
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---
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### So what is `React.FC` exactly?
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- `React.FC` (or `React.FunctionComponent`) is a **TypeScript type** that you can use to type your functional React components.
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- It **tells TypeScript** that:
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- This component is a function
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- It **receives props** (in your case, `Props`)
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- It **returns JSX** (it returns something React can render)
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---
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### Why use it?
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Here’s what you get when you use `React.FC`:
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1. ✅ **Prop typing** — You get auto-complete and error checking for props.
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2. ✅ **Children** are automatically included. (More on this below.)
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3. ✅ **Cleaner code** because TypeScript understands the shape of the component.
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---
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### Without `React.FC`
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You could just write:
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```tsx
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const TransportationCard = ({ transportation }: Props) => { ... }
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```
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and it would work!
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But you lose some "extra typing safety" like automatic `children` typing.
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---
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### Small Detail: `children`
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When you use `React.FC`, **TypeScript automatically** allows your component to accept `children` too — even if you didn’t define it in your `Props`.
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For example:
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```tsx
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<TransportationCard transportation={t}>
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<p>Hello</p> // This would be valid automatically
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</TransportationCard>
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```
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Because `children` is **always** part of a `React.FC`.
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👉 If you **don't** use `React.FC`, and you want to accept `children`, you have to **manually** add it to your props.
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---
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### Some developers today...
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**Some people** (even in big companies) prefer **NOT** to use `React.FC` anymore because:
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- It **forces children** even when you don’t want children.
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- It's **a little bit redundant** — you can already just type props without it.
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> So in modern codebases, **both styles are OK** — it’s just a preference.
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---
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### Quick Summary:
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|Using `React.FC`|Not using `React.FC`|
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|:--|:--|
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|Good for simple, typed functional components|Good if you want full manual control over props|
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|Auto-includes `children` prop|You must manually add `children` if needed|
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|Easy and quick|More customizable|
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---
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---
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Would you like me to also show a real quick **example side-by-side** (with and without `React.FC`) so you can see the difference even more clearly? 🚀
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(It's super fast but very helpful!)
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## `CityDropdown` Component:
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### 1. **State Variables**
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```tsx
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const [cities, setCities] = useState<City[]>([]);
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const [selectedCity, setSelectedCity] = useState<number | undefined>();
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```
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- `cities`: holds the list of cities retrieved from the backend (starts empty `[]`).
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- `selectedCity`: holds the currently selected city’s ID (`number`) or `undefined` if nothing is selected yet.
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---
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### 2. **Fetching Cities on Mount**
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```tsx
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useEffect(() => {
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agent.Cities.list()
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.then(setCities)
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.catch((err) => console.error("error loading cities", err));
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}, []);
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```
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- When the component **mounts** (`[]` dependency array = run once), it calls `agent.Cities.list()`.
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- `agent.Cities.list()` presumably returns a promise that resolves to an array of `City` objects.
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- On success → `setCities` updates the `cities` state.
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- On failure → logs an error to the console.
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---
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### 3. **Rendering the Dropdown**
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```tsx
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<select
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value={selectedCity}
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onChange={(e) => setSelectedCity(Number(e.target.value))}
|
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>
|
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<option value="">Select a City</option>
|
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{cities.map((city) => (
|
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<option key={city.id} value={city.id}>
|
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{city.title}
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</option>
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))}
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</select>
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```
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- Renders a `<select>` (dropdown).
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- Its value is bound to `selectedCity`.
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- When the user changes the selection (`onChange`), it updates `selectedCity` by converting the selected `value` from a string to a number (`Number(e.target.value)`).
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- The dropdown always starts with a placeholder option: **"Select a City"**.
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- It dynamically creates an `<option>` for each city in the `cities` array:
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- `key` and `value` are the city's `id`.
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- Displayed text is the city's `title`.
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|
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---
|
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You're very welcome! Let's break it down even more clearly:
|
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|
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---
|
||
|
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### What is `useEffect`?
|
||
|
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🔹 **`useEffect` is a React Hook**.
|
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It **tells React to run some code after the component renders**.
|
||
|
||
Think of it like:
|
||
|
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- _"Hey React, when this component shows up on the screen, please also run this function!"_
|
||
|
||
|
||
In your code:
|
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|
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```tsx
|
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useEffect(() => {
|
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agent.Cities.list()
|
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.then(setCities)
|
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.catch((err) => console.error("error loading cities", err));
|
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}, []);
|
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```
|
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|
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- This function (`() => { ... }`) **runs right after** the component is first shown (because of `[]` — the empty array).
|
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- Inside it, you are **calling your API** (`agent.Cities.list()`) to get the cities.
|
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- When the server **responds with a list of cities**, you **save** them into your component's memory (state) by calling `setCities(data)`.
|
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|
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---
|
||
|
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### What is `useState`?
|
||
|
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🔹 **`useState` is another React Hook**.
|
||
It **creates a piece of memory** for your component.
|
||
|
||
In your code:
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
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const [cities, setCities] = useState<City[]>([]);
|
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const [selectedCity, setSelectedCity] = useState<number | undefined>();
|
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```
|
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|
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Here’s what is happening:
|
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- `cities` is a variable that starts as an **empty array** (`[]`).
|
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- `setCities` is a **function** you use to **change** the value of `cities`.
|
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|
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Same with `selectedCity`:
|
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- `selectedCity` starts as `undefined` (nothing selected yet).
|
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- `setSelectedCity` lets you **update** which city is selected.
|
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|
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|
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---
|
||
|
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**Simple analogy:**
|
||
|
||
Imagine your component is a whiteboard.
|
||
|
||
- `useState` gives you a small _erasable box_ on the board.
|
||
|
||
- You can write something there (`cities`, `selectedCity`).
|
||
|
||
- If you want to change what’s written, you use the special pen `setCities` or `setSelectedCity`, **not your finger** (so React knows it changed and redraws the screen if needed).
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
|
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## `TransportationCard` Component
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 1. **The Component Function**
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
const TransportationCard: React.FC<Props> = ({ transportation }) => {
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- This is a **React Functional Component**.
|
||
- It takes `transportation` from props (destructured directly).
|
||
- It **returns JSX** that shows the transportation info in a styled card.
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
### 2. **Inside the JSX**
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 2.1 Left Side — Price and Button
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
<div className="flex flex-col items-center">
|
||
<div className="text-blue-600 font-bold text-lg">
|
||
{transportation.price} Toman
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button className="bg-blue-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-md mt-2 hover:bg-blue-600">
|
||
Select Ticket
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Shows the **price** (`price` field) styled with blue, bold text.
|
||
|
||
- Has a **Select Ticket** button — blue, rounded, changes shade on hover.
|
||
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
#### 2.2 Middle — Trip Info
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
<div className="flex-1 mx-4 text-center">
|
||
<div className="font-semibold text-gray-700">
|
||
{transportation.companyTitle}
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div className="flex items-center justify-center mt-2">
|
||
<div className="mx-2">{transportation.fromCityTitle}</div>
|
||
<span className="text-gray-400">→</span>
|
||
<div className="mx-2">{transportation.toCityTitle}</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">
|
||
{new Date(transportation.startDateTime).toLocaleDateString("en", {
|
||
hour: "2-digit",
|
||
minute: "2-digit",
|
||
})}
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Shows the **company name**.
|
||
- Shows **From → To** cities in a neat way with an arrow (`→`) between them.
|
||
- Shows the **departure time**:
|
||
- `startDateTime` is parsed using `new Date(...)`.
|
||
- `toLocaleDateString("en", { hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit" })` formats it to show just **hours and minutes**.
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
#### 2.3 Right Side — Company Logo
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
<div className="w-12 h-12">
|
||
<img
|
||
src="/images/company-placeholder.png"
|
||
alt="company"
|
||
className="w-full h-full object-contain"
|
||
/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Displays a small company **logo image** (placeholder image for now).
|
||
- `object-contain` keeps the image inside the box without stretching.
|
||
|
||
## `TrasnportationSearchForm` Component
|
||
|
||
### 🧠 Main Concepts Used:
|
||
|
||
| Feature | Purpose |
|
||
| :------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| `useState` | To **store and manage** the form inputs, cities, results, and loading status |
|
||
| `useEffect` | To **load the list of cities once** when the component appears |
|
||
| **Typing with models** | `City`, `TransportationSearchRequest`, `TransportationSearchResult` |
|
||
| **Event handling** | To update form values and trigger the search |
|
||
| **Conditional rendering** | Show "Loading", "No results", or "Results" dynamically |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 📦 Let's break down the code:
|
||
|
||
#### 1. ✍️ States
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = useState<TransportationSearchResult[]>([]);
|
||
const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
|
||
const [cities, setCities] = useState<City[]>([]);
|
||
const [form, setForm] = useState<TransportationSearchRequest>({
|
||
fromCityId: undefined,
|
||
toCityId: undefined,
|
||
startDate: null,
|
||
endDate: null,
|
||
vehicleTypeId: undefined,
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You define **4 states**:
|
||
|
||
- `searchResults`: List of found transportations
|
||
- `loading`: True/false if waiting for API
|
||
- `cities`: List of available cities
|
||
- `form`: The form input values the user is selecting
|
||
|
||
All typed properly ✅
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
#### 2. 📡 Fetch cities automatically (useEffect)
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
useEffect(() => {
|
||
agent.Cities.list().then(setCities);
|
||
}, []);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Meaning**:
|
||
- When the page **first loads**, it **calls the API** to get cities.
|
||
- `agent.Cities.list()` calls your backend, and when it gets the cities, it puts them into `cities` state.
|
||
- The empty `[]` **dependency array** means this happens **only once**, not every time anything changes.
|
||
|
||
👉 This is why your cities `<select>` dropdown fills up!
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
#### 3. ✏️ Handle input changes
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
const handleChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLSelectElement | HTMLInputElement>) => { ... }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Whenever a user types/selects:
|
||
|
||
- You detect **which field** (`name`) and **what value** (`value`) they changed
|
||
|
||
- Update the `form` state accordingly:
|
||
- `fromCityId` and `toCityId` are converted to numbers (`parseInt`)
|
||
- `startDate` and `endDate` allow null
|
||
- Other fields (if any) are copied directly
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
#### 4. 🔍 Handle Search button
|
||
|
||
```tsx
|
||
const handleSearch = () => { ... }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When the user clicks **Search**:
|
||
|
||
- Set `loading` to `true`
|
||
- Call the backend API `agent.TransportationSearch.search(form)`
|
||
- When the result comes back:
|
||
- Save it into `searchResults`
|
||
- If error: log it
|
||
- Finally, set `loading` to `false` again
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
#### 5. 🖥️ Return (render) JSX
|
||
You build a UI:
|
||
|
||
- **Vehicle Types** (Bus, Train, Airplane) selectable with a click → sets `vehicleTypeId`
|
||
- **From City** and **To City** dropdowns
|
||
- **Start and End Date** inputs
|
||
- **Search Button** to trigger the search
|
||
- **Result area** that shows:
|
||
- If loading: "Loading..."
|
||
- If no results: "No results found"
|
||
- If results: List of `TransportationCard` components for each found item.
|
||
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|