Breakout/Breakout.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 80;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 26;
const int FIELD_START_Y = 2;
const int MAX_BRICKS = 300;
const int MAX_POWERUPS = 20;
const int MAX_SCORES = 50;

const string FILE_HIGHSCORE = "scores.txt";
const string FILE_SAVEGAME = "save.dat";
const string FILE_HISTORY = "history.txt";

enum ConsoleColor {
    BLACK = 0, BLUE = 1, GREEN = 2, CYAN = 3, RED = 4, MAGENTA = 5, BROWN = 6, 
    LIGHTGRAY = 7, DARKGRAY = 8, LIGHTBLUE = 9, LIGHTGREEN = 10, LIGHTCYAN = 11, 
    LIGHTRED = 12, LIGHTMAGENTA = 13, YELLOW = 14, WHITE = 15
};

struct Vec2 {
    float x, y;
};

struct Brick {
    int x, y;
    int hp;
    int maxHp;
    bool active;
    int color;
};

struct Ball {
    Vec2 pos;
    Vec2 vel;
    bool active;
    bool stuckToPaddle;
};

struct PowerUp {
    Vec2 pos;
    char type;
    int color;
    bool active;
};

struct GameState {
    int score;
    int lives;
    int level;
    string playerName;
    bool isGameOver;
    bool isVictory;
    int paddleWidth;
    float paddleX;
};

struct ScoreEntry {
    string name;
    int score;
    int level;
};

GameState game;
Ball ball;

Brick bricks[MAX_BRICKS];
int brickCount = 0;

PowerUp powerups[MAX_POWERUPS];
int powerupCount = 0;

char screenBuffer[SCREEN_HEIGHT][SCREEN_WIDTH];
int colorBuffer[SCREEN_HEIGHT][SCREEN_WIDTH];
char prevBuffer[SCREEN_HEIGHT][SCREEN_WIDTH];
int prevColorBuffer[SCREEN_HEIGHT][SCREEN_WIDTH];

int gameSpeed = 30;
string systemMessage = "";
int messageTimer = 0;

void SetupConsole() {
    HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursorInfo;
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cursorInfo);
    cursorInfo.bVisible = FALSE; 
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cursorInfo);
    
    string cmd = "mode con cols=" + to_string(SCREEN_WIDTH) + " lines=" + to_string(SCREEN_HEIGHT);
    system(cmd.c_str());
    SetConsoleTitle("Breakout - Final Project");
}

void GotoXY(int x, int y) {
    COORD coord;
    coord.X = x;
    coord.Y = y;
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), coord);
}

void SetColor(int color) {
    SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), color);
}

void ShowCursor(bool show) {
    HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursorInfo;
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cursorInfo);
    cursorInfo.bVisible = show;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cursorInfo);
}

void InitBuffers() {
    for(int y=0; y<SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++) {
        for(int x=0; x<SCREEN_WIDTH; x++) {
            screenBuffer[y][x] = ' ';
            colorBuffer[y][x] = BLACK;
            prevBuffer[y][x] = '\0';
            prevColorBuffer[y][x] = -1;
        }
    }
}

void ClearBuffer() {
    for(int y=0; y<SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++) {
        for(int x=0; x<SCREEN_WIDTH; x++) {
            screenBuffer[y][x] = ' ';
            colorBuffer[y][x] = BLACK;
        }
    }
}

void DrawToBuffer(int x, int y, char ch, int color) {
    if(x >= 0 && x < SCREEN_WIDTH && y >= 0 && y < SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
        screenBuffer[y][x] = ch;
        colorBuffer[y][x] = color;
    }
}

void DrawTextToBuffer(int x, int y, string text, int color) {
    for(size_t i=0; i<text.length(); i++) {
        DrawToBuffer(x + i, y, text[i], color);
    }
}

void ShowMessage(string msg) {
    systemMessage = msg;
    messageTimer = 40; 
}

void RenderFrame() {
    for(int y=0; y<SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++) {
        for(int x=0; x<SCREEN_WIDTH; x++) {
            if(screenBuffer[y][x] != prevBuffer[y][x] || colorBuffer[y][x] != prevColorBuffer[y][x]) {
                GotoXY(x, y);
                SetColor(colorBuffer[y][x]);
                cout << screenBuffer[y][x];
                prevBuffer[y][x] = screenBuffer[y][x];
                prevColorBuffer[y][x] = colorBuffer[y][x];
            }
        }
    }
}

void InitLevel(int lvl) {
    game.level = lvl;
    game.isGameOver = false;
    game.isVictory = false;
    
    game.paddleWidth = max(6, 12 - lvl); 
    game.paddleX = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2 - game.paddleWidth / 2;
    
    ball.active = true;
    ball.stuckToPaddle = true;
    ball.pos.x = game.paddleX + game.paddleWidth / 2;
    ball.pos.y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - 2;
    ball.vel.x = 0.5f;
    ball.vel.y = -0.5f;

    brickCount = 0;
    powerupCount = 0;

    int rows = 3 + lvl;
    if(rows > 8) rows = 8;
    
    for(int i=0; i<rows; i++) {
        for(int j=4; j<SCREEN_WIDTH-4; j+=6) {
            if(brickCount < MAX_BRICKS) {
                bricks[brickCount].x = j;
                bricks[brickCount].y = FIELD_START_Y + 1 + i;
                bricks[brickCount].maxHp = (i % 3) + 1; 
                bricks[brickCount].hp = bricks[brickCount].maxHp;
                bricks[brickCount].active = true;
                
                if(bricks[brickCount].hp == 1) bricks[brickCount].color = LIGHTGREEN;
                else if(bricks[brickCount].hp == 2) bricks[brickCount].color = YELLOW;
                else bricks[brickCount].color = RED;
                
                brickCount++;
            }
        }
    }
}

void SpawnPowerUp(int x, int y) {
    if(powerupCount < MAX_POWERUPS && rand() % 5 == 0) {
        powerups[powerupCount].pos.x = (float)x;
        powerups[powerupCount].pos.y = (float)y;
        powerups[powerupCount].active = true;
        
        int r = rand() % 3;
        if(r == 0) { 
            powerups[powerupCount].type = 'W'; 
            powerups[powerupCount].color = CYAN; 
        }    
        else if(r == 1) { 
            powerups[powerupCount].type = 'L'; 
            powerups[powerupCount].color = MAGENTA; 
        } 
        else { 
            powerups[powerupCount].type = 'F'; 
            powerups[powerupCount].color = WHITE; 
        }
        powerupCount++;
    }
}

void UpdatePowerUps() {
    for(int i=0; i<powerupCount; i++) {
        if(!powerups[i].active) continue;
        
        powerups[i].pos.y += 0.2f;

        if(powerups[i].pos.y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT - 1 && powerups[i].pos.y < SCREEN_HEIGHT + 1) {
            if(powerups[i].pos.x >= game.paddleX && powerups[i].pos.x <= game.paddleX + game.paddleWidth) {
                powerups[i].active = false;
                game.score += 100;
                
                if(powerups[i].type == 'W') {
                    game.paddleWidth += 4;
                    if(game.paddleWidth > 20) game.paddleWidth = 20;
                    ShowMessage("WIDE PADDLE!");
                }
                else if(powerups[i].type == 'L') {
                    game.lives++;
                    ShowMessage("EXTRA LIFE!");
                }
                else if(powerups[i].type == 'F') {
                    game.score += 500;
                    ShowMessage("BONUS POINTS!");
                }
            }
        }
        
        if(powerups[i].pos.y > SCREEN_HEIGHT) powerups[i].active = false;
    }
}

void UpdateBall() {
    if(ball.stuckToPaddle) {
        ball.pos.x = game.paddleX + game.paddleWidth / 2;
        ball.pos.y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - 2;
        return;
    }

    ball.pos.x += ball.vel.x;
    ball.pos.y += ball.vel.y;

    if(ball.pos.x <= 1) { 
        ball.pos.x = 1; 
        ball.vel.x *= -1; 
    }
    if(ball.pos.x >= SCREEN_WIDTH - 2) { 
        ball.pos.x = SCREEN_WIDTH - 2; 
        ball.vel.x *= -1; 
    }
    if(ball.pos.y <= FIELD_START_Y) { 
        ball.pos.y = FIELD_START_Y; 
        ball.vel.y *= -1; 
    }

    if(ball.pos.y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
        game.lives--;
        if(game.lives <= 0) {
            game.isGameOver = true;
        } else {
            ball.stuckToPaddle = true;
            for(int i=0; i<powerupCount; i++) powerups[i].active = false;
            ShowMessage("BALL LOST!");
        }
    }
}

void CheckCollisions() {
    if(ball.pos.y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT - 2 && ball.pos.y < SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
        if(ball.pos.x >= game.paddleX && ball.pos.x <= game.paddleX + game.paddleWidth) {
            ball.vel.y = -fabs(ball.vel.y);
            float hitPos = (ball.pos.x - (game.paddleX + game.paddleWidth / 2));
            ball.vel.x = hitPos * 0.25f;
            
            // Prevent sticking
            ball.pos.y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - 2; 
        }
    }

    bool levelCleared = true;
    for(int i=0; i<brickCount; i++) {
        if(!bricks[i].active) continue;
        levelCleared = false;
        
        if(ball.pos.x >= bricks[i].x && ball.pos.x < bricks[i].x + 4 && (int)ball.pos.y == bricks[i].y) {
            ball.vel.y *= -1;
            bricks[i].hp--;
            game.score += 10;
            
            if(bricks[i].hp == 2) bricks[i].color = YELLOW;
            else if(bricks[i].hp == 1) bricks[i].color = LIGHTGREEN;

            if(bricks[i].hp <= 0) {
                bricks[i].active = false;
                game.score += 50; 
                SpawnPowerUp(bricks[i].x + 1, bricks[i].y);
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    if(levelCleared) {
        game.score += 1000;
        InitLevel(game.level + 1);
        ShowMessage("LEVEL COMPLETE!");
    }
}

void SaveGame() {
    ofstream f(FILE_SAVEGAME);
    if(f.is_open()) {
        f << game.playerName << endl;
        f << game.score << " " << game.lives << " " << game.level << endl;
        f << game.paddleX << " " << game.paddleWidth << endl;
        f << ball.pos.x << " " << ball.pos.y << " " << ball.vel.x << " " << ball.vel.y << " " << ball.stuckToPaddle << endl;
        
        f << brickCount << endl;
        for(int i=0; i<brickCount; i++) {
            f << bricks[i].x << " " << bricks[i].y << " " << bricks[i].hp << " " << bricks[i].maxHp << " " << bricks[i].active << " " << bricks[i].color << endl;
        }

        f << powerupCount << endl;
        for(int i=0; i<powerupCount; i++) {
            f << powerups[i].pos.x << " " << powerups[i].pos.y << " " << powerups[i].type << " " << powerups[i].color << " " << powerups[i].active << endl;
        }
        
        f.close();
        ShowMessage("GAME SAVED!");
    }
}

bool LoadGame() {
    ifstream f(FILE_SAVEGAME);
    if(f.is_open()) {
        getline(f, game.playerName);
        f >> game.score >> game.lives >> game.level;
        f >> game.paddleX >> game.paddleWidth;
        f >> ball.pos.x >> ball.pos.y >> ball.vel.x >> ball.vel.y >> ball.stuckToPaddle;
        ball.active = true;
        
        f >> brickCount;
        for(int i=0; i<brickCount; i++) {
            f >> bricks[i].x >> bricks[i].y >> bricks[i].hp >> bricks[i].maxHp >> bricks[i].active >> bricks[i].color;
        }

        f >> powerupCount;
        for(int i=0; i<powerupCount; i++) {
            f >> powerups[i].pos.x >> powerups[i].pos.y >> powerups[i].type >> powerups[i].color >> powerups[i].active;
        }
        
        f.close();
        
        game.isGameOver = false;
        game.isVictory = false;
        
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

void SaveHistory(string result) {
    ofstream f(FILE_HISTORY, ios::app);
    if(f.is_open()) {
        time_t now = time(0);
        string dt = ctime(&now);
        dt = dt.substr(0, dt.length() - 1);
        f << game.playerName << " | " << result << " | Sc: " << game.score << " | Lv: " << game.level << " | " << dt << endl;
        f.close();
    }
}

void SaveHighScore() {
    ofstream f(FILE_HIGHSCORE, ios::app);
    if(f.is_open()) {
        f << game.playerName << " " << game.score << " " << game.level << endl;
        f.close();
    }
}

void RunGame() {
    InitBuffers();
    systemMessage = "";
    messageTimer = 0;
    
    while(!game.isGameOver && !game.isVictory) {
        if(_kbhit()) {
            char k = _getch();
            if(k == 'a' || k == 'A') game.paddleX -= 2.5;
            if(k == 'd' || k == 'D') game.paddleX += 2.5;
            if(k == ' ') ball.stuckToPaddle = false;
            
            if(k == 'p' || k == 'P') { 
                ShowMessage("PAUSED");
                ClearBuffer();
                DrawTextToBuffer(35, 12, "PAUSED", RED);
                RenderFrame();
                _getch(); 
            }
            
            if(k == 's' || k == 'S') SaveGame();
            if(k == 27) break;
        }

        if(game.paddleX < 1) game.paddleX = 1;
        if(game.paddleX + game.paddleWidth > SCREEN_WIDTH - 2) 
            game.paddleX = SCREEN_WIDTH - 1 - game.paddleWidth;

        UpdateBall();
        CheckCollisions();
        UpdatePowerUps();

        ClearBuffer();
        
        for(int x=0; x<SCREEN_WIDTH; x++) DrawToBuffer(x, FIELD_START_Y, '#', LIGHTGRAY);
        for(int y=FIELD_START_Y; y<SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++) {
            DrawToBuffer(0, y, '#', LIGHTGRAY);
            DrawToBuffer(SCREEN_WIDTH - 1, y, '#', LIGHTGRAY);
        }

        string info = "PLAYER: " + game.playerName + "  SCORE: " + to_string(game.score) + "  LIVES: " + to_string(game.lives) + "  LEVEL: " + to_string(game.level);
        DrawTextToBuffer(2, 0, info, WHITE);

        if(messageTimer > 0) {
            DrawTextToBuffer(SCREEN_WIDTH/2 - systemMessage.length()/2, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2, systemMessage, GREEN);
            messageTimer--;
        }

        for(int i=0; i<brickCount; i++) {
            if(bricks[i].active) {
                DrawToBuffer(bricks[i].x, bricks[i].y, '[', bricks[i].color);
                DrawToBuffer(bricks[i].x + 1, bricks[i].y, '=', bricks[i].color);
                DrawToBuffer(bricks[i].x + 2, bricks[i].y, '=', bricks[i].color);
                DrawToBuffer(bricks[i].x + 3, bricks[i].y, ']', bricks[i].color);
            }
        }

        for(int i=0; i<powerupCount; i++) {
            if(powerups[i].active) {
                DrawToBuffer((int)powerups[i].pos.x, (int)powerups[i].pos.y, powerups[i].type, powerups[i].color);
            }
        }

        for(int i=0; i<game.paddleWidth; i++) {
            DrawToBuffer(game.paddleX + i, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 1, '=', CYAN);
        }

        DrawToBuffer((int)ball.pos.x, (int)ball.pos.y, 'O', WHITE);

        RenderFrame();
        
        Sleep(gameSpeed);
    }

    SaveHistory(game.isGameOver ? "LOST" : "QUIT");
    if(game.isGameOver) SaveHighScore();
    
    for(int y=0; y<SCREEN_HEIGHT; y++) 
        for(int x=0; x<SCREEN_WIDTH; x++) 
            prevBuffer[y][x] = '\0';
            
    system("cls");
}

void ShowHighScores() {
    system("cls");
    SetColor(YELLOW); cout << "\n\n\t=== HALL OF FAME ===\n\n"; SetColor(WHITE);
    
    ifstream f(FILE_HIGHSCORE);
    ScoreEntry scores[MAX_SCORES];
    int count = 0;
    
    if(f.is_open()) {
        while(count < MAX_SCORES && f >> scores[count].name >> scores[count].score >> scores[count].level) {
            count++;
        }
        f.close();
        
        for(int i=0; i<count; i++) {
            for(int j=0; j<count-1; j++) {
                if(scores[j].score < scores[j+1].score) {
                    ScoreEntry temp = scores[j];
                    scores[j] = scores[j+1];
                    scores[j+1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }

        for(int i=0; i<count && i<10; i++) {
            cout << "\t" << (i + 1) << ". " << setw(15) << left << scores[i].name << " : " << scores[i].score << endl;
        }
    } 
    else {
        cout << "\tNo records yet!\n";
    }
    cout << "\n\n\tPress any key..."; 
    _getch();
}

void ShowHelp() {
    system("cls");
    SetColor(CYAN); cout << "\n\t=== HELP ===\n"; SetColor(WHITE);
    cout << "\n\t[A]/[D] : Move  [SPC]: Launch  [S]: Save";
    cout << "\n\n\tPower-ups:";
    SetColor(CYAN); cout << "\n\t W : Wide Paddle";
    SetColor(MAGENTA); cout << "\n\t L : Extra Life";
    SetColor(WHITE); cout << "\n\t F : +500 Score";
    cout << "\n\n\tPress any key..."; 
    _getch();
}

void ShowSettings() {
    system("cls");
    cout << "\n\n\t=== SETTINGS ===\n";
    cout << "\n\t1. Speed: " << (gameSpeed == 30 ? "Normal" : "Fast");
    cout << "\n\t2. Back";
    
    if(_getch() == '1') {
        gameSpeed = (gameSpeed == 30) ? 15 : 30;
    }
}

void ShowMenu() {
    while(true) {
        system("cls");
        SetColor(LIGHTBLUE);
        cout << R"(
  ____  _____  ______          _  __  ____  _    _ _______ 
 |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   | |/ / / __ \| |  | |__   __|
 | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | ' / | |  | | |  | |  | |   
 |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ |  <  | |  | | |  | |  | |   
 | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| . \ | |__| | |__| |  | |   
 |____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_|\_\ \____/ \____/   |_|   
        )" << "\n";
        
        SetColor(WHITE);
        cout << "\t [1] NEW GAME\n";
        cout << "\t [2] LOAD GAME\n";
        cout << "\t [3] HIGH SCORES\n";
        cout << "\t [4] SETTINGS\n";
        cout << "\t [5] HELP\n";
        cout << "\t [6] EXIT\n";
        cout << "\n\t Select: ";
        
        char k = _getch();
        if(k == '1') {
            system("cls"); 
            ShowCursor(true);
            SetColor(YELLOW); 
            cout << "\n\n\tEnter Player Name: "; 
            cin >> game.playerName; 
            ShowCursor(false);
            
            game.score = 0; 
            game.lives = 3; 
            InitLevel(1); 
            RunGame();
        }
        else if(k == '2') { 
            if(LoadGame()) {
                RunGame();
            } 
            else { 
                cout << "\n\t No save file!"; 
                Sleep(1000); 
            } 
        }
        else if(k == '3') ShowHighScores();
        else if(k == '4') ShowSettings();
        else if(k == '5') ShowHelp();
        else if(k == '6') exit(0);
    }
}

int main() {
    srand(time(0)); 
    SetupConsole();
    
    ofstream f(FILE_HISTORY, ios::app); f.close();
    ofstream f2(FILE_HIGHSCORE, ios::app); f2.close();
    
    ShowMenu();
    return 0;
}