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content/02-Project-Based/Session09/Session09 Additional Info.md

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+
+### ⚠ Important Tip
+If your `agent.ts` uses `useAuthStore().token` **at the top level**, remember:
+- On very first load, Zustand will **rehydrate** from storage _after_ initial render, so token may be `null` until rehydration is done.
+- Fix: either delay access until after `hasHydrated`, or refactor `agent` to inject token per request.
+
+
+
+
+To **safely handle concurrency** in your `CreateTicketOrderAsync` method — particularly for **seat reservation** on the same `Transportation` — you need to **prevent race conditions** where two users might reserve the same seat or oversell capacity.
+
+This is a **classic critical section problem**, and you can solve it using **application-level locking**, **database-level locking**, or both.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Recommended: **Database-level concurrency control + optional distributed lock**
+
+### 👇 Here’s what you should do:
+
+---
+
+## ✅ 1. Use **pessimistic concurrency** (row-level locking) on the `Transportation` row
+
+### Why?
+
+You need to **lock the transportation row** to prevent multiple reservations from modifying the related seats/capacity **at the same time**.
+
+### How?
+
+Use EF Core's **raw SQL or transaction-scoped SELECT ... FOR UPDATE** (which translates to SQL row locks):
+
+```csharp
+using var transaction = await _context.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel.Serializable);
+
+var transportation = await _context.Transportations
+    .FromSqlRaw("SELECT * FROM Transportations WITH (UPDLOCK, ROWLOCK) WHERE Id = {0}", dto.TransportationId)
+    .FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+```
+
+- `UPDLOCK`: prevents others from reading for update
+    
+- `ROWLOCK`: locks only the specific row
+    
+
+> If using PostgreSQL or MySQL, you’d use `FOR UPDATE` instead.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ 2. Alternatively, use **distributed locking** if you have multiple app instances
+
+Use something like:
+
+- **Redis distributed lock**
+    
+- **SQL application locks** (`sp_getapplock`)
+    
+- **SemaphoreSlim static lock** (only for single-instance apps — not safe in web farms)
+    
+
+### Example using `sp_getapplock` (SQL Server):
+
+```sql
+EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource = 'lock_transportation_123', @LockMode = 'Exclusive', @LockTimeout = 10000;
+```
+
+EF version:
+
+```csharp
+await _dbContext.Database.ExecuteSqlRawAsync(
+    $"EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource = 'transportation_lock_{dto.TransportationId}', @LockMode = 'Exclusive', @LockTimeout = 10000;");
+```
+
+✅ This will ensure **only one thread** gets to proceed per `TransportationId`.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ 3. Wrap the reservation logic in a **transaction**
+
+```csharp
+using var transaction = await _context.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel.Serializable);
+
+// locking query here
+// seat validation
+// insert tickets
+// save ticket order
+// commit
+
+await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
+await transaction.CommitAsync();
+```
+
+Use `IsolationLevel.Serializable` or `RepeatableRead` if you’re not doing explicit locking.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ 4. Add a **unique constraint** on `SeatId + TransportationId` (if not already)
+
+To **enforce uniqueness at DB level** and prevent race conditions from succeeding:
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE Tickets ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_Tickets_Seat_Transport UNIQUE (SeatId, TicketStatusId)
+WHERE TicketStatusId != 3; -- exclude cancelled
+```
+
+Or make a logic-safe alternative depending on your schema.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Final version: Summary of changes
+
+### In your service:
+
+```csharp
+using var transaction = await _dbContext.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel.Serializable);
+
+// Optional: Lock the transportation row to prevent race
+await _dbContext.Database.ExecuteSqlRawAsync(
+    $"EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource = 'transportation_lock_{dto.TransportationId}', @LockMode = 'Exclusive', @LockTimeout = 10000;");
+
+// Re-fetch transportation + tickets
+var transportation = await _transportationRepository.GetByIdWithTickets(dto.TransportationId);
+
+// Validate seats
+var seatCheck = ValidateTransportationAndSeats(transportation, dto.Travelers);
+if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(seatCheck)) return Result<long>.Error(0, seatCheck);
+
+// Proceed with reservation
+...
+
+await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
+await transaction.CommitAsync();
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🧠 Summary Table
+
+|Strategy|Prevents Race?|Web-farm Safe|Recommended For|
+|---|---|---|---|
+|`sp_getapplock`|✅ Yes|✅ Yes|SQL Server web apps|
+|EF raw SQL `WITH (UPDLOCK)`|✅ Yes|✅ Yes|SQL Server monoliths|
+|`SemaphoreSlim`|✅ Yes|❌ No|Local-only apps|
+|`FOR UPDATE`|✅ Yes|✅ Yes|PostgreSQL, MySQL|
+
+---
+
+Let me know your DB provider and environment (single-instance or multi-instance), and I can generate exact code tailored for that.
+Perfect — you're absolutely right to want **the whole process to be atomic**:  
+→ **Seat allocation**,  
+→ **Ticket creation**,  
+→ **Balance checking & payment**,  
+→ **Transaction creation**,  
+→ **Traveler creation/upsert**, etc.
+
+This needs more than just _database-level locks_. You want to **serialize execution** for the same transportation to avoid concurrency conflicts — **across the entire flow**, not just the DB writes.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Your Goal
+
+> **For a given `TransportationId`, only one call to `CreateTicketOrderAsync` should execute at a time**, regardless of app instance or user.
+
+This includes logic **outside EF** (like payment, seat assignment, person creation, etc.).
+
+---
+
+## 🛠️ The Right Solution: **Distributed Application Locking**
+
+### Use **SQL Server’s `sp_getapplock`** to lock **by `TransportationId`**
+
+Why?
+
+- It locks **application-level logic**, not just SQL rows
+    
+- It works across threads, processes, and even app servers
+    
+- It ensures only **one process** can work on that transportation at a time
+    
+
+---
+
+## ✅ How to Implement in Your Method
+
+### 🔒 Step 1: Lock by Transportation ID
+
+Add this at the **start** of your method:
+
+```csharp
+await _dbContext.Database.ExecuteSqlRawAsync(
+    $"EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource = 'transportation_lock_{dto.TransportationId}', " +
+    "@LockMode = 'Exclusive', @LockTimeout = 10000;");
+```
+
+This ensures that **only one call per transportation** runs at a time.
+
+If a second request tries to lock the same ID, it waits up to 10 seconds.
+
+---
+
+### 🔁 Step 2: Begin EF Transaction
+
+This will include all EF operations in a single atomic unit:
+
+```csharp
+using var transaction = await _dbContext.Database.BeginTransactionAsync();
+```
+
+---
+
+### 🧠 Step 3: Keep the Full Logic As Is, But Within Transaction
+
+Like this:
+
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<long>> CreateTicketOrderAsync(long accountId, CreateTicketOrderDto dto)
+{
+    // 🔒 Lock to prevent concurrency per transportation
+    await _dbContext.Database.ExecuteSqlRawAsync(
+        $"EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource = 'transportation_lock_{dto.TransportationId}', " +
+        "@LockMode = 'Exclusive', @LockTimeout = 10000;");
+
+    // 🧾 Begin transaction
+    using var transaction = await _dbContext.Database.BeginTransactionAsync();
+
+    // 💰 Load account and transportation
+    var account = await _accountRepository.GetByIdAsync(accountId);
+    if (account == null) return Result<long>.Error(0, "Account not found");
+
+    var transportation = await _transportationRepository.GetByIdAsync(dto.TransportationId);
+    if (transportation == null) return Result<long>.Error(0, "Transportation not found");
+
+    // 💵 Check balance
+    var price = transportation.BasePrice * dto.Travelers.Count;
+    if (account.CurrentBalance < price)
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, "Not enough money");
+
+    // ✅ Validate seat availability
+    var seatCheck = ValidateTransportationAndSeats(transportation, dto.Travelers);
+    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(seatCheck))
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, seatCheck);
+
+    // 🪑 Assign seats (if dynamic logic)
+    await AssignSeatsIfDynamic(transportation.VehicleId, dto.Travelers);
+
+    // 👤 Upsert travelers (can also use same transaction)
+    await UpsertTravelers(account.Id, dto.Travelers);
+
+    // 🎟️ Create ticket order
+    var ticketOrder = new TicketOrder
+    {
+        BuyerId = account.Id,
+        CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+        Description = "",
+        SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+        TransportationId = dto.TransportationId,
+    };
+    await _ticketOrderRepository.AddAsync(ticketOrder);
+
+    // 🎫 Add tickets
+    foreach (var traveler in dto.Travelers)
+    {
+        var ticket = new Ticket
+        {
+            CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+            Description = traveler.Description,
+            SeatId = traveler.SeatId!.Value,
+            SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+            TicketOrder = ticketOrder,
+            TicketStatusId = 1,
+            TravelerId = traveler.Id,
+        };
+        await _ticketRepository.AddAsync(ticket);
+    }
+
+    // 💳 Commit everything
+    await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+    // 💸 Withdraw money and create transaction
+    await _accountService.PayForTicketOrderAsync(account.Id, ticketOrder.Id, price);
+
+    // ✅ Commit transaction
+    await transaction.CommitAsync();
+
+    return Result<long>.Success(ticketOrder.Id);
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🧱 Summary of Protection
+
+|Step|Protected?|How|
+|---|---|---|
+|Prevent concurrent seat assignment|✅|`sp_getapplock` per `TransportationId`|
+|Prevent concurrent DB changes|✅|EF `DbTransaction`|
+|Prevent double-spend|✅|Balance check inside the same lock + transaction|
+|Ensure traveler upserts/tickets are safe|✅|Wrapped in same transaction|
+
+---
+
+## ⚠️ Important Note
+
+Make sure all the operations (`AssignSeatsIfDynamic`, `UpsertTravelers`, etc.):
+
+- Use the **same `DbContext`/UnitOfWork**
+    
+- Don’t commit changes prematurely (no `SaveChangesAsync()` before you're ready to commit the whole transaction)
+    
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Optional (Safety): Add retry logic
+
+In case of a **deadlock or lock timeout**, you might want to retry the whole operation once.
+
+---
+
+Let me know if you want me to extract this into a reusable helper like:
+
+```csharp
+await _appLockService.ExecuteWithLockAsync($"transportation_lock_{dto.TransportationId}", async () => {
+    // your reservation logic
+});
+```
+
+That would clean things up nicely.
+Sure. Let’s break down everything you need to know about **transactions** in Entity Framework Core (EF Core) — especially for your case where you're doing **complex operations that must all succeed or fail together**.
+
+---
+
+## 🧾 What is a Transaction?
+
+A **transaction** is a unit of work that is treated as a **single, indivisible operation**. Either **all of it succeeds** (committed), or **none of it does** (rolled back).
+
+### 🧠 Properties of a transaction (ACID):
+
+|Property|Meaning|
+|---|---|
+|**Atomicity**|All steps succeed or none do|
+|**Consistency**|DB remains valid before and after|
+|**Isolation**|Transactions don’t interfere with each other|
+|**Durability**|Once committed, data is persisted permanently|
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Why You Need Transactions
+
+In your case, you’re:
+
+- Assigning seats
+    
+- Creating or updating people
+    
+- Creating a `TicketOrder`
+    
+- Creating multiple `Tickets`
+    
+- Updating account balance & transaction history
+    
+
+All of these must either:
+
+- Complete **fully and safely**, or
+    
+- **Fail entirely**, with no partial data left behind.
+    
+
+---
+
+## 🧰 Transaction in EF Core: Full Example
+
+### 🔧 Step-by-step Example:
+
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<long>> CreateTicketOrderAsync(long accountId, CreateTicketOrderDto dto)
+{
+    // Begin EF Core transaction
+    using var transaction = await _dbContext.Database.BeginTransactionAsync();
+
+    try
+    {
+        // Load required entities
+        var account = await _accountRepository.GetByIdAsync(accountId);
+        if (account == null)
+            return Result<long>.Error(0, "Account not found");
+
+        var transportation = await _transportationRepository.GetByIdAsync(dto.TransportationId);
+        if (transportation == null)
+            return Result<long>.Error(0, "Transportation not found");
+
+        var price = transportation.BasePrice * dto.Travelers.Count;
+        if (account.CurrentBalance < price)
+            return Result<long>.Error(0, "Not enough money");
+
+        // Validate seat assignment
+        var seatCheck = ValidateTransportationAndSeats(transportation, dto.Travelers);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(seatCheck))
+            return Result<long>.Error(0, seatCheck);
+
+        await AssignSeatsIfDynamic(transportation.VehicleId, dto.Travelers);
+        await UpsertTravelers(account.Id, dto.Travelers);
+
+        // Create ticket order
+        var ticketOrder = new TicketOrder
+        {
+            BuyerId = account.Id,
+            CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+            SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+            TransportationId = dto.TransportationId,
+        };
+        await _ticketOrderRepository.AddAsync(ticketOrder);
+
+        foreach (var traveler in dto.Travelers)
+        {
+            await _ticketRepository.AddAsync(new Ticket
+            {
+                CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                Description = traveler.Description,
+                SeatId = traveler.SeatId.Value,
+                SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+                TicketOrder = ticketOrder,
+                TicketStatusId = 1,
+                TravelerId = traveler.Id,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Save changes
+        await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+        // Withdraw money from account
+        await _accountService.PayForTicketOrderAsync(account.Id, ticketOrder.Id, price);
+
+        // Commit transaction
+        await transaction.CommitAsync();
+
+        return Result<long>.Success(ticketOrder.Id);
+    }
+    catch (Exception ex)
+    {
+        // Rollback if anything failed
+        await transaction.RollbackAsync();
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, "Reservation failed: " + ex.Message);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔄 Isolation Levels (Advanced)
+
+### You can specify isolation level when beginning a transaction:
+
+```csharp
+using var transaction = await _dbContext.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel.Serializable);
+```
+
+### Common levels:
+
+|Isolation Level|Description|Use Case|
+|---|---|---|
+|`ReadCommitted` (default)|No dirty reads|Usually enough|
+|`RepeatableRead`|Prevents non-repeatable reads|Seat assignment logic|
+|`Serializable`|Full isolation (slower, safer)|Financial or reservation systems|
+
+---
+
+## 🧩 When `SaveChangesAsync()` Commits vs. Not
+
+Calling `SaveChangesAsync()` **does not commit** the outer transaction — it just writes pending changes to the database.
+
+The real commit happens only when you call:
+
+```csharp
+await transaction.CommitAsync();
+```
+
+If anything fails before that, the changes are **not persisted**.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Best Practices for Transactions in EF Core
+
+|Best Practice|Why|
+|---|---|
+|Keep transactions **short**|Locks and contention increase with time|
+|Catch exceptions and **rollback**|Prevent dirty/incomplete data|
+|Use **only one DbContext** inside the transaction|EF tracks entities via one unit of work|
+|Don’t call SaveChanges too early|May break the atomicity|
+|Use **appropriate isolation level**|Based on your concurrency needs|
+|Consider retry policy for transient errors|Especially in distributed systems|
+
+---
+
+## ❗ Common Pitfalls
+
+|Mistake|Problem|
+|---|---|
+|Mixing DbContext instances inside one transaction|Breaks consistency|
+|Committing too early|Later failure still leaves partial data|
+|Forgetting rollback in catch|Leaves transaction open or inconsistent|
+|Async code outside transaction scope|Could break atomicity or introduce race|
+
+---
+
+## 🧠 Summary: Transaction Essentials
+
+|Concept|Description|
+|---|---|
+|`BeginTransactionAsync()`|Starts a manual transaction|
+|`SaveChangesAsync()`|Writes changes but doesn’t commit outer transaction|
+|`CommitAsync()`|Finalizes all DB changes|
+|`RollbackAsync()`|Reverts all changes since the transaction began|
+|Scope|All EF/DB actions done within the transaction block|
+
+---
+
+If you'd like, I can create a **generic transaction helper**, or even make this a **middleware** or **interceptor**, depending on how reusable you want this to be.
+
+Let me know!
+Great! These questions show deep thinking about **how transactions and locks actually work** in EF Core and layered architecture. Let’s answer them one by one with real clarity and direction.
+
+---
+
+## ❓ 1. _"I have this method in my `TicketOrderService`, and I don't have access to `_dbContext`."_
+
+### ✅ Solution:
+
+If you're using **Repository + UnitOfWork pattern**, your `UnitOfWork` should expose a method to access the underlying **DbContext** or allow you to start a transaction.
+
+**👉 Extend your `IUnitOfWork` interface like this:**
+
+```csharp
+public interface IUnitOfWork
+{
+    Task<int> SaveChangesAsync();
+    Task<IDbContextTransaction> BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel level = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted);
+    DbContext Context { get; } // optional
+}
+```
+
+And in your implementation:
+
+```csharp
+public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
+{
+    private readonly AppDbContext _context;
+
+    public UnitOfWork(AppDbContext context) => _context = context;
+
+    public Task<int> SaveChangesAsync() => _context.SaveChangesAsync();
+
+    public Task<IDbContextTransaction> BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel level = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted)
+        => _context.Database.BeginTransactionAsync(level);
+
+    public DbContext Context => _context;
+}
+```
+
+### ✅ Then in your `TicketOrderService`:
+
+```csharp
+using var transaction = await _unitOfWork.BeginTransactionAsync();
+// your operations
+await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
+await transaction.CommitAsync();
+```
+
+This keeps your `Service` clean and architecture-respecting.
+
+---
+
+## ❓ 2. _"How does the transaction hold stuff? Wouldn’t `unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync()` just save everything?"_
+
+### 🔍 Clarification:
+
+- `SaveChangesAsync()` **writes the changes to the database**, but…
+    
+- **If you're in a transaction**, the database holds those changes in a **temporary, invisible state** until you explicitly call:
+    
+
+```csharp
+await transaction.CommitAsync();
+```
+
+💡 If you **don’t commit**, or you **rollback**, then **those changes are discarded**, even if you called `SaveChangesAsync()`.
+
+### 👇 Timeline of how EF works in a transaction:
+
+1. EF tracks entities in memory.
+    
+2. You call `SaveChangesAsync()`.
+    
+3. Changes are written to the DB — but:
+    
+    - If inside a transaction, they are **not visible to others yet**.
+        
+    - They are held until `CommitAsync()`.
+        
+4. If you call `RollbackAsync()`, all writes are undone.
+    
+
+---
+
+## ❓ 3. _"How would the lock know that the work with that transportation is finished?"_
+
+### 🔒 About `sp_getapplock`:
+
+This SQL Server feature locks a **named resource** (like `transportation_lock_123`) for **the duration of the current SQL connection and transaction**.
+
+Here’s how it works:
+
+|Action|Result|
+|---|---|
+|You call `sp_getapplock`|SQL Server grants an exclusive lock for the resource|
+|You complete the transaction (commit or rollback)|Lock is **automatically released**|
+|Your connection is closed or disposed|Lock is released|
+
+### 🔍 So you don’t need to manually release the lock.
+
+Just make sure:
+
+- The **lock and transaction use the same connection**
+    
+- You commit or rollback after the work is done
+    
+
+✅ EF Core handles all that automatically when using `Database.BeginTransactionAsync()`.
+
+---
+
+## ✅ Final Advice Recap
+
+|Question|Answer|
+|---|---|
+|I don’t have access to `_dbContext`|Expose `BeginTransactionAsync` on your `IUnitOfWork`|
+|How does transaction matter if I save mid-way?|It isolates changes — no one sees them until committed|
+|How does lock get released?|Automatically when transaction completes or connection closes|
+
+---
+
+Let me know if you want:
+
+- Sample `UnitOfWork` and `Repository` setup for full support
+    
+- A lock + transaction helper method
+    
+- Unit tests to simulate concurrent reservations
+    
+
+You're doing great — this is how robust, real-world software gets built.
+
+You've unpacked crucial concerns around **transactions**, **unit-of-work (UoW)**, and **application-wide consistency**. Here's a polished breakdown with clear answers and guidance:
+
+---
+
+### ✅ 1. Is it okay to use both Transactions **and** Unit of Work?
+
+- **Yes, absolutely.** UoW is a design pattern that groups multiple repository operations into one logical unit, while a _transaction_ ensures these operations either all succeed or all fail atomically ([antondevtips.com](https://antondevtips.com/blog/implementing-unit-of-work-pattern-in-ef-core?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Implementing Unit of Work Pattern in EF Core - Anton DevTips")).
+    
+- In EF Core, the **DbContext itself implements UoW**, collecting changes in memory until `SaveChangesAsync()` is called ([reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/dotnet/comments/17npjtx/unit_of_work_pattern_still_necessary_in_net_8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Unit of Work Pattern still necessary in .NET 8? : r/dotnet - Reddit")).
+    
+- When you execute **multiple SaveChanges**, or include non-repository logic (e.g., balance updates, payment creation, seat locking), **explicit transactions** ensure the entire flow remains atomic .
+    
+
+---
+
+### ✅ 2. How exactly to open/close transactions? Where to be careful?
+
+#### ✨ Use EF to manage transactions in your UoW:
+
+1. **Extend your `IUnitOfWork`** to include transaction methods:
+    
+    ```csharp
+    Task<IDbContextTransaction> BeginTransactionAsync(IsolationLevel level = ReadCommitted);
+    Task<int> SaveChangesAsync();
+    ```
+    
+2. **In your service**, do:
+    
+    ```csharp
+    using var tx = await _unitOfWork.BeginTransactionAsync();
+    try {
+      // perform all operations (seat locks, entity changes, balance, tickets)
+      await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
+      await tx.CommitAsync();
+    } catch {
+      await tx.RollbackAsync();
+      throw;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+3. **Know the boundaries**: Keep the transaction as short as possible. Open it before critical operations and close it after the final `CommitAsync()`.
+    
+
+> 💡 Use `(IsolationLevel.Serializable)` for scenarios like seat reservation where concurrent writes must be prevented ([milanjovanovic.tech](https://www.milanjovanovic.tech/blog/working-with-transactions-in-ef-core?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Working With Transactions In EF Core"), [learn.microsoft.com](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/mvc/overview/older-versions/getting-started-with-ef-5-using-mvc-4/implementing-the-repository-and-unit-of-work-patterns-in-an-asp-net-mvc-application?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Implementing the Repository and Unit of Work Patterns in an ASP ...")).
+
+---
+
+### ✅ 3. Why did things “work” without explicit transactions?
+
+- **Simple SaveChanges** calls act like atomic units—if they fail, nothing is saved. With just one SaveChanges call, EF wraps it in a default transaction ([stackoverflow.com](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24636352/unit-of-work-i-dont-need-to-use-transactions?utm_source=chatgpt.com "c# - unit of work - I don't need to use transactions? - Stack Overflow")).
+    
+- However, as soon as your workflow involves **multiple SaveChanges**, **external services**, or **cross-repository updates**, the default behavior is no longer sufficient. A failure midway could leave your data in a partial state.
+    
+- That's where **explicit transaction scopes** come in—to guarantee everything is batched and rolled back if any part fails ([antondevtips.com](https://antondevtips.com/blog/implementing-unit-of-work-pattern-in-ef-core?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Implementing Unit of Work Pattern in EF Core - Anton DevTips")).
+    
+
+---
+
+### 🧠 TL;DR Summary
+
+|Concept|Purpose|When Needed|
+|---|---|---|
+|**Unit of Work**|Organizes multiple EF operations into one commit|Always used with EF DbContext|
+|**Implicit transaction**|EF wraps each SaveChanges automatically|Ok for single SaveChanges calls|
+|**Explicit transaction**|Manually control commit/rollback across many operations|Needed when multiple SaveChanges, external services, concurrency, etc.|
+|**IsolationLevel.Serializable**|Highest locking level to prevent concurrent conflicts|Use for critical resource locks (e.g., seat booking)|
+|**Be careful**|Keep transactions short to avoid locks and deadlocks|Avoid long-running operations inside the transaction|
+
+---
+
+If you want, I can provide:
+
+- **Code templates** for UoW with transaction management
+    
+- **Interceptor or decorator** to automate transaction handling in your services
+    
+- **Concurrency demos** to test seat reservation under load
+    
+
+Just say the word!
+Absolutely! Let’s clarify both of your statements with authoritative sources:
+
+---
+
+## 1. If I haven't called `BeginTransaction` and call `SaveChanges`, will changes be saved?
+
+✅ **Yes.** EF Core automatically wraps **every** `SaveChanges()` call in its **own transaction**. This means:
+
+- If **all operations succeed**, the data is saved.
+- If **anything fails**, the entire set is **rolled back**, leaving the DB unchanged. citeturn0search0turn0search9
+
+🔁 So even without explicitly starting a transaction, `SaveChanges()` ensures atomicity for that batch of changes.
+
+---
+
+## 2. If I have called `BeginTransaction`, and then call `SaveChanges`, do changes go to the DB immediately?
+
+✅ **Yes, but context matters.** When you wrap operations in an explicit transaction:
+
+- Each `SaveChanges()` writes within that transaction.
+- However, **none** of these writes become visible to other connections until you call `Commit()`.
+
+EF also uses **savepoints** internally (for multiple `SaveChanges()` calls) to enable partial rollbacks without rolling back the entire transaction. citeturn0search0turn0search2turn0search3
+
+---
+
+### 🧩 In Plain English
+
+| Scenario        | SaveChanges Only                                | BeginTransaction + SaveChanges                     |
+|------------------|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
+| No transaction   | Auto-wrapped in its own transaction–immediate.  | —                                                 |
+| With explicit transaction | Writes are within the transaction, not yet committed. | ✔ |
+| Rollback before commit | Not possible. SaveChanges is final.         | ✔ Rolls everything back.                          |
+
+---
+
+### ✅ TL;DR
+
+- ✅ **Without `BeginTransaction`**: `SaveChanges()` is atomic per call—commits or rolls back automatically.
+- ✅ **With `BeginTransaction`**: `SaveChanges()` writes into the transaction, but the changes are **held until** you call `Commit()`; `Rollback()` discards them all.
+
+---
+
+Want some **ready-to-use code** to introduce `BeginTransaction()` into your UnitOfWork and services? Just let me know and I’ll supply a clean implementation!

content/02-Project-Based/Session09/Session09 Backend.md

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+# Session 9 - Ticket Reservation
+As this order is comming to an end, we are completing the functionality of application with the vital feature of reserving tickets
+
+## Miscellaneous / Fixes
+
+- [ ] Fix GUID generation and async handling in ticket creation. (Use `Guid.NewGuid()` instead of `new Guid()`)
+```csharp
+SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")
+```
+
+- [ ] Make `SerialNumber`, `TicketOrderId`, `BaseAmount` publicly settable in DTOs if they're private.
+- [ ] Check `Transaction` and make sure `SerialNumber` is not a required property.
+
+## Branching
+- [ ] Create the feature/ticket-reservation branch based on develop
+
+# Ticket Ordering System
+
+## 🧱 Domain and Infrastructure Setup
+
+- [ ] Check out new ERD: [Here](https://github.com/TheOrderOfPhoenix/ASP.NET/blob/main/ProjectOrientedSessions/docs/AlibabaERD-Version02.pdf)
+- [ ] Add migrations for the above database changes.
+
+## 🧑‍💼 Path to Service Layer
+
+- [ ] Create DTOs `CreateTravellerTicketDto` and `CreateTicketOrderDto` and the **mappings**:
+```csharp
+public class CreateTravellerTicketDto
+{
+    public long Id { get; set; }
+    public long CreatorId { get; set; }
+
+    [Required(ErrorMessage = "First name is required")]
+    public required string FirstName { get; set; }
+
+    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Last name is required")]
+    public required string LastName { get; set; }
+
+    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Id number is required")]
+    [RegularExpression(@"^\d{10}$", ErrorMessage = "National ID number must be exactly 10 digits")]
+    public required string IdNumber { get; set; }
+
+    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Gender should be identified")]
+    public required short GenderId { get; set; }
+
+    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Phone number is required")]
+    [Phone(ErrorMessage = "Invalid phone number format")]
+    public required string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
+
+    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Birth date is required")]
+    public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
+
+    public long? SeatId { get; set; }
+    public bool IsVIP { get; set; }
+    public string? Description { get; set; }
+}
+```
+```csharp
+public class CreateTicketOrderDto
+{
+    public long TransportationId { get; set; }
+    public List<CreateTravellerTicketDto> MyProperty { get; set; }
+}
+```
+```csharp
+
+```
+Note: If you have the **Coupon** feature in your project, then add a `CouponCode` property in `CreateTicketOrderDto`.
+
+- [ ] Modify SeatRepository to add method `GetSeatsByVehicleIdAsync`
+```csharp
+public Task<List<Seat>> GetSeatsByVehicleIdAsync(long vehicleId)
+{
+    var seats = DbSet
+        .Include(s => s.Vehicle)
+        .Include(s => s.Tickets).ThenInclude(t => t.Traveler)
+        .Where(s => s.VehicleId == vehicleId).ToListAsync();
+    return seats;
+}
+```
+- [ ] Add Enum for **TicketStatus**, **VehicleType** and **TransactionType**
+```csharp
+public enum TicketStatusEnum
+{
+    Reserved = 1,
+    Paid = 2,
+    CancelledByUser = 3,
+    CancelledBySystem = 4,
+    Used = 5,
+    Expired = 6
+}
+```
+```csharp
+public enum VehicleTypeEnum
+{
+    Airplane = 1,
+    Train = 2,
+    Bus = 3
+}
+```
+```csharp
+public enum TransactionTypeEnum
+{
+    Deposit = 1,
+    Withdraw = 2
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add the lock-service to lock the transportation through reservation, then register it:
+```csharp
+public class TransportationLockService : ITransportationLockService
+{
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<long, SemaphoreSlim> _locks = new();
+
+    public async Task<IDisposable> AcquireLockAsync(long transportationId)
+    {
+        var semaphore = _locks.GetOrAdd(transportationId, new SemaphoreSlim(1, 1));
+        await semaphore.WaitAsync();
+        return new Releaser(() => semaphore.Release());
+    }
+
+    private class Releaser : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly Action _release;
+
+        public Releaser(Action release)
+        {
+            _release = release;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _release();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add method `CreateAsync` in `TransportationService`
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<long>> CreateAsync(long accountId, TransactionDto dto)
+{
+    Transaction transaction = new();
+    _mapper.Map(dto, transaction);
+    transaction.AccountId = accountId;
+
+    await _transactionRepository.InsertAsync(transaction);
+    await _unitOfWork.CompleteAsync();
+    return Result<long>.Success(transaction.Id);
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add method `PayForTicketOrderAsync` in `AccountService`
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<long>> PayForTicketOrderAsync(long accountId, long ticketOrderId, decimal baseAmount, decimal finalAmount)
+{
+    var account = await _accountRepository.GetByIdAsync(accountId);
+    if (account == null)
+    {
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, "Account not found");
+    }
+
+    if (account.Balance < finalAmount)
+    {
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, "Not enough money");
+    }
+
+    account.Withdraw(finalAmount);
+    _accountRepository.Update(account);
+    await _unitOfWork.CompleteAsync();
+
+    TransactionDto dto = new()
+    {
+        CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+        Description = "Payment for ticket order #" + ticketOrderId + " at " + DateTime.UtcNow,
+        BaseAmount = baseAmount,
+        FinalAmount = finalAmount,
+        SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+        TicketOrderId = ticketOrderId,
+        TransactionTypeId = (int)TransactionTypeEnum.Withdraw,
+        TransactionType = TransactionTypeEnum.Withdraw.ToString()
+    };
+
+    return await _transactionService.CreateAsync(accountId, dto);
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Create `ITicketOrderService`, `TicketOrderService` and implement `CreateTicketOrderAsync`
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<long>> CreateTicketOrderAsync(long accountId, CreateTicketOrderDto dto)
+{
+    // get the account
+    var account = await _accountRepository.GetByIdAsync(accountId);
+    if (account == null)
+    {
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, "Account not found");
+    }
+
+    // get the transportation
+    var transportation = await _transportationRepository.GetByIdAsync(dto.TransportationId);
+    if (transportation == null)
+    {
+        return Result<long>.Error(0, "Transportation not found");
+    }
+
+    // lock the transportation through reservation
+    using (await _transportationLockService.AcquireLockAsync(dto.TransportationId))
+    {
+        var baseAmount = transportation.BasePrice * dto.Travellers.Count;
+        if (account.Balance < baseAmount)
+        {
+            return Result<long>.Error(0, "Not enough money");
+        }
+        // check validity of transportation
+        var checkSeats = ValidateTransportationAndSeats(transportation, dto.Travellers);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(checkSeats))
+        {
+            return Result<long>.Error(0, checkSeats);
+        }
+
+        var finalAmount = baseAmount;
+        await AssignSeatsIfDynamic(transportation.VehicleId, dto.Travellers);
+        await UpsertTravellers(accountId, dto.Travellers);
+
+        // add the ticket order by the info we have
+        TicketOrder ticketOrder = new()
+        {
+            BuyerId = accountId,
+            CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+            Description = "",
+            SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+            TransportationId = dto.TransportationId
+        };
+        await _ticketOrderRepository.InsertAsync(ticketOrder);
+        
+        foreach (var traveller in dto.Travellers)
+        {
+            if (!traveller.SeatId.HasValue)
+            {
+                return Result<long>.Error(0, "Seat ID is required for each traveller");
+            }
+
+            Ticket ticket = new()
+            {
+                CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+                Description = traveller.Description,
+                SeatId = traveller.SeatId.Value,
+                SerialNumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
+                TicketOrder = ticketOrder,
+                TicketStatusId = 1,
+                TravelerId = traveller.Id,
+            };
+            await _ticketRepository.InsertAsync(ticket);
+        }
+
+        await _unitOfWork.CompleteAsync();
+        await _accountService.PayForTicketOrderAsync(account.Id, ticketOrder.Id,
+            baseAmount, finalAmount);
+        return Result<long>.Success(ticketOrder.Id);
+    }
+}
+```
+- [ ] Register `TicketOrderService` in DI container.
+
+## 🎯 Controller Layer
+
+- [ ] Create `TicketOrderController` with the endpoint `POST /CreateTicketOrder`
+```csharp
+[ApiController]
+[Route("api/[controller]")]
+[Authorize(Roles = "User")]
+public class TicketOrderController : ControllerBase
+{
+    private readonly IUserContext _userContext;
+    private readonly ITicketOrderService _ticketOrderService;
+
+    public TicketOrderController(IUserContext userContext,
+        ITicketOrderService ticketOrderService)
+    {
+        _userContext = userContext;
+        _ticketOrderService = ticketOrderService;
+    }
+
+    [HttpPost("create-order")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> CreateTicketOrder([FromBody] CreateTicketOrderDto dto)
+    {
+        long accountId = _userContext.GetUserId();
+        // check for account-id to be valid
+        if (accountId <= 0)
+        {
+            return Unauthorized();
+        }
+
+        var result = await _ticketOrderService.CreateTicketOrderAsync(accountId, dto);
+        if (result.IsSuccess)
+        {
+            return Ok(result.Data);
+        }
+
+        return result.Status switch
+        {
+            ResultStatus.Unauthorized => Unauthorized(result.ErrorMessage),
+            ResultStatus.NotFound => NotFound(result.ErrorMessage),
+            ResultStatus.ValidationError => BadRequest(result.ErrorMessage),
+            _ => StatusCode(500, result.ErrorMessage)
+        };
+    }
+}
+```
+        
+## 🗃️ Repository Layer
+
+Implement there methods in `TicketOrderRepository` and its interface
+- [ ] `FindAndLoadAllDetails`
+```csharp
+public Task<TicketOrder?> FindAndLoadAllDetailsAsync(long id)
+{
+    var ticketOrder = DbSet
+        .Include(to => to.Transportation).ThenInclude(t => t.FromLocation).ThenInclude(fl => fl.City)
+        .Include(to => to.Transportation).ThenInclude(t => t.ToLocation).ThenInclude(tl => tl.City)
+        .Include(to => to.Tickets).ThenInclude(t => t.Traveler)
+        .Where(to => to.Id == id).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
+
+    return ticketOrder;
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] `GetAllByBuyerId`
+```csharp
+public async Task<List<TicketOrder>> GetAllByBuyerId(long buyerId)
+{
+    var ticketOrders = await DbSet
+        .Include(to => to.Transaction)
+        .Include(to => to.Transportation).ThenInclude(t => t.FromLocation)
+        .Include(to => to.Transportation).ThenInclude(t => t.ToLocation)
+        .Include(to => to.Transportation).ThenInclude(t => t.Company)
+        .Include(to => to.Transportation).ThenInclude(t => t.Vehicle)
+        .Where(to => to.BuyerId == buyerId).ToListAsync();
+    return ticketOrders;
+}
+```
+
+# Transportation and Seat Selection
+
+- [ ] Add `TransportationSeatDto`.
+```csharp
+public class TransportationSeatDto
+{
+    public long Id { get; set; }
+    public int Row { get; set; }
+    public int Column { get; set; }
+    public bool IsVIP { get; set; }
+    public bool IsAvailable { get; set; }
+    public string? Description { get; set; }
+    public bool IsReserved { get; set; }
+    public short? GenderId { get; set; }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add mapping from `Seat` to `TransportationSeatDto`.
+```csharp
+CreateMap<Seat, TransportationSeatDto>()
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.IsReserved, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Tickets.Any(t => t.TicketStatusId == (int)TicketStatusEnum.Reserved)))
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.GenderId, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Tickets.Any(t => t.TicketStatusId == (int)TicketStatusEnum.Reserved) ?
+    src.Tickets.First(t => t.TicketStatusId == (int)TicketStatusEnum.Reserved).Traveler.GenderId : (short?)null));
+```
+
+- [ ] Add method `GetSeatsByVehicleId` in `ISeatRepository` and implement it.
+```csharp
+public Task<List<Seat>> GetSeatsByVehicleIdAsync(long vehicleId)
+{
+    var seats = DbSet
+        .Include(s => s.Vehicle)
+        .Include(s => s.Tickets).ThenInclude(t => t.Traveler)
+        .Where(s => s.VehicleId == vehicleId).ToListAsync();
+    return seats;
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add `GetTransportationSeatsAsync` in `ITransportationService` and implement.
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<List<TransportationSeatDto>>> GetTransportationSeatsAsync(long transportationId)
+{
+    var transportation = await _transportationRepository.GetByIdAsync(transportationId);
+	if (transportation == null)
+	{
+		return Result<List<TransportationSeatDto>>.Error(null, "Transportation not found"); 
+	}
+
+	var seats = await _seatRepository.GetSeatsByVehicleIdAsync(transportation.VehicleId);
+	if (seats == null || seats.Count != 0)
+	{
+		return Result<List<TransportationSeatDto>>.Success(_mapper.Map<List<TransportationSeatDto>>(seats));
+	}
+
+	return Result<List<TransportationSeatDto>>.NotFound(null);
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add `GetTransportationSeats` endpoint in `TransportationController`.
+```csharp
+[HttpGet("{transportationId}/seats")]
+public async Task<IActionResult> GetTransportationSeats(long transportationId)
+{
+	var result = await _transportationService.GetTransportationSeatsAsync(transportationId);
+    if (result.IsSuccess)
+    {
+		return Ok(result.Data);
+    }
+
+    return result.Status switch
+    {
+        ResultStatus.Unauthorized => Unauthorized(result.ErrorMessage),
+        ResultStatus.NotFound => NotFound(result.ErrorMessage),
+        ResultStatus.ValidationError => BadRequest(result.ErrorMessage),
+        _ => StatusCode(500, result.ErrorMessage)
+    };
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Ensure `RemainingCapacity` is treated as calculated (ignored in EF, removed from schema).
+```csharp
+public int RemainingCapacity => Vehicle.Capacity -
+	TicketOrders?.SelectMany(to => to.Tickets)
+	.Count(t => t.TicketStatusId == 1) ?? 0;
+```
+
+### ✅ Ticket Review & Confirmation
+
+- [ ] Make sure you have `TravlerTicketDto`, mapped to `` with the details
+```csharp
+public class TravellerTicketDto
+{
+    public long Id { get; set; }
+    public required string SerialNumber { get; set; }
+    public required string TravellerName { get; set; }
+    public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
+    public required string SeatNumber { get; set; }
+    public required string TicketStatus { get; set; }
+    public string? CompanionName { get; set; }
+    public string? Description { get; set; }
+}
+```
+```csharp
+CreateMap<Ticket, TravellerTicketDto>()
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.Id, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Id))
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.TravellerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Traveler != null ? $"{src.Traveler.FirstName} {src.Traveler.LastName}" : ""))
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.SerialNumber, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.SerialNumber))
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.TicketStatus, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.TicketStatus.Ttile))
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.CompanionName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Companion != null ? $"{src.Companion.FirstName} {src.Companion.LastName}" : ""))
+    .ForMember(dest => dest.Description, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Description));
+```
+
+- [ ] Implement `GetTicketOrderDetails` endpoint to fetch ticket summary, make sure to create required methods as well
+```csharp
+[HttpGet("my-travels/{ticketOrderId}")]
+public async Task<IActionResult> GetTravelDetails(long ticketOrderId)
+{
+    long accountId = _userContext.GetUserId();
+    if (accountId <= 0)
+    {
+        return Unauthorized();
+    }
+
+    var result = await _accountService.GetTicketOrderDetailsAsync(accountId, ticketOrderId);
+    if (result.IsSuccess)
+    {
+        return Ok(result.Data);
+    }
+
+    return result.Status switch
+    {
+        ResultStatus.Unauthorized => Unauthorized(result.ErrorMessage),
+        ResultStatus.NotFound => NotFound(result.ErrorMessage),
+        ResultStatus.ValidationError => BadRequest(result.ErrorMessage),
+        _ => StatusCode(500, result.ErrorMessage)
+    };
+}
+```
+```csharp
+public async Task<Result<List<TravellerTicketDto>>> GetTicketOrderDetailsAsync(long accoundId, long ticketOrderid)
+{
+    var result = await _ticketRepository.GetTicketsByTicketOrderId(ticketOrderid);
+    if (result != null)
+    {
+        if (result.Count > 0 && result.First().TicketOrder.BuyerId != accoundId)
+        {
+            return Result<List<TravellerTicketDto>>.Error(null, "Account unauthorized");
+        }
+
+        return Result<List<TravellerTicketDto>>.Success(_mapper.Map<List<TravellerTicketDto>>(result));
+    }
+
+    return Result<List<TravellerTicketDto>>.NotFound(null);
+}
+```
+```csharp
+public async Task<List<Ticket>> GetTicketsByTicketOrderId(long ticketOrderId)
+{
+    var tickets = await DbSet
+        .Include(t => t.Traveler)
+        .Include(t => t.TicketStatus)
+        .Include(t => t.Companion)
+        .Include(t => t.Seat)
+        .Include(t => t.TicketOrder)
+        .Where(t => t.TicketOrderId == ticketOrderId).ToListAsync();
+    return tickets;
+}
+```
+
+## Merge
+- [ ] Create a PR and merge the current branch with develop

content/02-Project-Based/Session09/Session09 Frontend.md

@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+# Reservation System Development Guide - Session 10
+
+This guide helps developers understand how to implement, update, and maintain the ticket reservation system. It summarizes changes from commits and provides step-by-step actions, grouped by feature area.
+https://github.com/MehrdadShirvani/AlibabaClone-Frontend/commits/develop/
+
+## Fixes and Missing Things from Session 08
+### Authentication & Protected Routes
+
+- [ ] Add session persistence in `authStore` to store token more persistently
+```ts
+import { create } from "zustand";
+import { createJSONStorage, persist } from "zustand/middleware";
+import { AuthResponseDto } from "@/shared/models/authentication/AuthResponseDto";
+
+interface AuthState {
+  user: AuthResponseDto | null;
+  login: (user: AuthResponseDto) => void;
+  logout: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useAuthStore = create<AuthState>()(
+  persist(
+    (set) => ({
+      user: null,
+      login: (user: AuthResponseDto) => set({ user }),
+      logout: () => set({ user: null }),
+    }),
+    {
+      name: "auth-storage", // storage key in localStorage
+      storage: createJSONStorage(() => localStorage),
+    }
+  )
+);
+
+``` 
+
+## Profile and User Info Enhancements
+
+- [ ] Fix and align `birthDate` types in `PersonDto`, `TransportationSearchResult`, and `ListOfTravelers`. Make sure to use `Date | string` data type for them
+
+## Branching
+
+- [ ] Create the feature/themes branch based on develop
+
+### 🎨 Theming and UI Styling
+
+- [ ] Install and import `preline`
+```bash
+npm install preline
+```
+- [ ] Add theme colors and global styles (index.css). Take a look at their [Documentation](https://preline.co/docs/index.html)
+- [ ] Add `ThemeSwitcher` and integrate it into the navbar
+- [ ] If you decide to do this part after implementing pages, make sure to add theme support to the following components:
+    - [ ]  `transportationCard`, `transportationSearchForm`, `ReviewAndConfirm`
+    - [ ]  All modals: `LoginModal`, `RegisterModal`, `SelectFromPeopleModal`
+    - [ ]  Profile section: `ProfilePage`, `ProfileSummary`, `PersonalInformation`, `AccountInfo`, `PersonalAccountInfo`, `BankAccountDetails`, `MyTravels`, `MyTransactions`, `ListOfTravelers`
+    - [ ]  Reservation views and components
+
+### Merge
+- [ ] Create a PR and merge the current branch with develop
+
+## Branching for reservation
+
+- [ ] Create the feature/ticket-reservation branch based on develop
+
+## Backend Agent Methods
+
+- [ ] Add `CreateTicketOrderDto` and `CreateTravelerTicketDto`. Check backend endpoints for the dtos you need for this session
+- [ ] Add `TransportationSeatDto`
+- [ ] Add related methods in `TicketOrder` and add it to agent
+```ts
+const TicketOrder = {
+  create: (data : CreateTicketOrderDto) => request.post<number>('/ticketOrder/create', data),
+  downloadPdf: (ticketOrderId : number) => request.get<Blob>(`/ticketOrder/${ticketOrderId}/pdf`, {
+      responseType: 'blob',
+    }),
+}
+```
+
+## Reservation Process & Step Management
+
+- [ ] Implement `useReservationStore` using `zustand` to manage reservation state
+```ts
+import { PersonDto } from '@/shared/models/account/PersonDto';
+import { CreateTravelerTicketDto } from '@/shared/models/ticketOrder/createTravelerTicketDto';
+import { TransportationSearchResult } from '@/shared/models/transportation/transportationSearchResult';
+import { create } from 'zustand';
+
+const defaultTraveler: CreateTravelerTicketDto = {
+  id: 0,
+  creatorAccountId: 0,
+  firstName: '',
+  lastName: '',
+  genderId: 0,
+  birthDate: '',
+  idNumber: '',
+  phoneNumber: '',
+  englishFirstName: '',
+  englishLastName: '',
+  isVIP: false,
+  seatId: null,
+  description: '',
+};
+
+type ReservationStep = "transportation" | "travelers" | "review" | "payment" | "success";
+
+interface ReservationState {
+  transportation: TransportationSearchResult | null;
+  travelers: CreateTravelerTicketDto[];
+  ticketOrderId: number;
+  couponCode: string | null;
+  paymentInfo: any;
+  people: PersonDto[],
+  currentStep: ReservationStep,
+  isConfirmed: boolean,
+  isPayed: boolean,
+  isTravelerPartDone: boolean, 
+  addTraveler: (traveler: CreateTravelerTicketDto) => void;
+  setTravelers: (travelers: CreateTravelerTicketDto[]) => void;
+  updateTraveler: (index: number, traveler: CreateTravelerTicketDto) => void;
+  removeTraveler: (index: number) => void;
+  setTicketOrderId: (newId: number) => void;
+  setTransportation: (transportation: TransportationSearchResult) => void;
+  setCouponCode: (code: string | null) => void;
+  setPaymentInfo: (info: any) => void;
+  setPeople: (people: PersonDto[]) => void;
+
+  setCurrentStep: (step: ReservationStep) => void;
+  setIsConfirmed: (value: boolean) => void;
+  setIsPayed: (value: boolean) => void;
+  setIsTravelerPartDone: (value: boolean) => void;
+
+  resetReservation: () => void;
+}
+
+export const useReservationStore = create<ReservationState>((set) => ({
+  transportation: null,
+  people: [],
+  travelers: [defaultTraveler],
+  couponCode: null,
+  paymentInfo: null,
+  ticketOrderId : 0,
+  currentStep: "transportation",
+  isConfirmed: false,
+  isPayed : false,
+  isTravelerPartDone : false,
+  setTicketOrderId: (newId) => set(() =>({
+      ticketOrderId : newId
+  })),
+  addTraveler: (traveler) => set((state) => ({ travelers: [...state.travelers, traveler] })),
+  setTravelers: (newTravelers) => set(() => ({
+    travelers : newTravelers
+  })),
+  setPeople: (newPeople) => set(() => ({
+    people : newPeople
+  })),
+  updateTraveler: (index, traveler) =>
+    set((state) => {
+      const updated = [...state.travelers];
+      updated[index] = traveler;
+      return { travelers: updated };
+    }),
+
+  removeTraveler: (index) =>
+    set((state) => {
+      if (state.travelers.length <= 1) return state;
+      const updated = [...state.travelers];
+      updated.splice(index, 1);
+      return { travelers: updated };
+    }),
+
+  setTransportation: (theTransportation) => set({ transportation: theTransportation }),
+  setCouponCode: (code) => set({ couponCode: code }),
+  setPaymentInfo: (info) => set({ paymentInfo: info }),
+  setCurrentStep: (step) => set({ currentStep: step }),
+
+  resetReservation: () =>
+    set({
+      transportation: null,
+      travelers: [],
+      ticketOrderId: 0,
+      couponCode: null,
+      paymentInfo: null,
+      people: [],
+      currentStep: "transportation",
+      isConfirmed: false,
+      isPayed: false,
+      isTravelerPartDone: false
+    }),
+    
+  setIsConfirmed: (value) => set(() => ({
+    isConfirmed : value
+  })),
+  setIsPayed: (value) => set(() => ({
+    isPayed : value
+  })),
+  setIsTravelerPartDone: (value) => set(() => ({
+    isTravelerPartDone : value
+  })),
+}));
+```
+
+- [ ] Create step-based routing using `ReservationLayout`. Step-based routing, in the context of contact centers or workflow management, refers to a method of directing work items (like customer service calls or support tickets) to the most appropriate agent or resource based on a series of predefined steps or conditions.
+
+- [ ] Add routing for reservation steps in `App.tsx`
+
+- [ ] Add `StepIndicator` component to show step progress visually (optional)
+    - [ ] Add `stepGuard` logic to prevent accessing future steps prematurely
+    - [ ] Add logic to skip back only if previous steps are completed
+
+- [ ] Create `TravelerForm` to gather passenger info, with the possibility to load data from the related people of the account.
+
+- [ ] Create `TravelerDetailsForm` to gather passengers info with `TravelerForm` integration
+
+- [ ] Create `ReviewAndConfirm` page to review selections
+
+- [ ] Create `PaymentForm` for transaction process
+
+- [ ] Create `TicketIssued` page for confirmation
+
+- [ ]  Add validation to show error if `seatId` is missing
+
+## Seat Selection
+- [ ] Add DTO:
+```tsx
+export interface transportationSeatDto{
+    id : number,
+    vehicleId : number,
+    row : number,
+    column : number,
+    isVIP : boolean,
+    isAvailable : boolean,
+    description : string | null,
+    isReserved : boolean,
+    genderId : number | null
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] Add `getSeats()` method to `agent.ts`
+- [ ] Add `SeatGridSelector` component for graphical seat layout in `TravelerDetailForm` and integrate it with traveler list, only for Buses
+- [ ] Modify `TransportationCard` to integrate with seat selection
+- [ ] Add `SeatOnlyGridSeatMap` for simpler seat-only display
+
+### Coupon Integration
+
+- [ ] Add `CouponValidationRequestDto` and `DiscountDto`
+- [ ] Add `validateCoupon()` method to `agent.ts`
+- [ ] Update `useReservationStore` to include `CouponCode`
+- [ ] Ensure `CreateTicketOrderDto` uses `CouponCode` instead of `couponId`
+- [ ] Connect coupon validation flow in `ReviewAndConfirm`
+
+## Search, Filter, and Sort Functionality
+
+- [ ] Add filters (company) and sorting (time or price) UI to `SearchResultPage`
+- [ ] Add company logo support in result cards and filters
+- [ ] Add `previous/next day` buttons for time navigation
+- [ ] Add remaining capacity check to transportation cards
+- [ ] Add refund policy info display
+- [ ] Implement showing seat map in `TransportaionCard` using `ReadOnlySeatMap` 
+
+### 📎 Notes
+
+- Ensure you run a full theme test after UI changes.
+- Test step transitions with various invalid scenarios.
+- Confirm persistent session and coupon behavior across refreshes.
+- Validate all filters, sort, and search navigation works.
+- Test seat selection and proper rendering of rotated layouts.
+
+## Merge
+- [ ] Create a PR and merge the current branch with develop